Structured trade knowledge covering terms, processes, regulations, and practice.
Landed cost = purchase price + international logistics + import duty/VAT + inland delivery and fees.
Landed Cost = Product + Freight + Insurance + Duty + VAT + Local charges. Use HS code and CIF customs value.
FOB = goods on board at origin port. Landed cost = FOB + freight + duty + taxes + delivery to warehouse.
Duty is usually applied to customs value (often CIF). It is a major lever in landed cost alongside freight and VAT.
Total import cost equals landed cost — every cash outflow from supplier payment to warehouse receipt.
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