Structured trade knowledge covering terms, processes, regulations, and practice.
Complete guide to commercial invoice fields, customs role, workflow links, and country-specific requirements for professional exporters.
Packing list format, weights, marks, CBM practice, and consistency with commercial invoice for exporters.
Proforma invoice vs commercial invoice, fields, validity, and workflow from quotation to shipment.
Bill of lading types, fields, telex release, and workflow links for sea export professionals.
Under FOB (Incoterms® 2020), the seller delivers when goods are on board the vessel at the named port of shipment; risk and cost transfer to the buyer at that point.
FOB ends seller duty at loading on board; CIF adds main freight and marine insurance paid by the seller to the named port.
Under CIF the seller pays cost, main carriage freight, and minimum marine insurance to the named port of destination; risk passes on loading at origin.
Under EXW the seller makes goods available at their premises; the buyer bears virtually all transport and export risks from that point.
FCA delivers goods to the carrier or person nominated by the buyer at the named place — suitable for all transport modes including air.
CPT seller pays freight to named destination; risk passes when goods are delivered to first carrier.
CIP adds insurance to CPT — seller pays freight and insurance to destination; risk at first carrier.
DAP seller delivers goods ready for unloading at named place; buyer handles import clearance.